Pre-Covid Era

1. reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system’s ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.

2. a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products.

3. defined as a disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defenses.